The
last date I had
for Flight Test 10 was Friday, August 22nd at 7:30 PM EDT. As
testing has proceeded, they've rescheduled that out two days to Sunday, the 24th, at the
same time. Without double-checking, I think every test flight launch
this year has been scheduled for 7:30 PM EDT, that's 2330 UTC, and the reason
for the shift from mornings in Texas to evenings is for better lighting in the
landing zone they're aiming for near Australia.
This afternoon, SpaceX received launch approval from the FAA. They had run a "Spin Prime" test on Starship 37 Wednesday afternoon,
and signs were it went as expected, since after that test, crews rolled
the ship back to a nearby hangar for engine inspections, touch-ups to its heat
shield, and a handful of other chores to ensure it's ready to fly.
With this flight, SpaceX officials hope to put several technical problems
with the Starship program behind them. SpaceX is riding a streak of four
disappointing Starship test flights
from January through May, and and the
explosion and destruction of another Starship vehicle
during a ground test in June.
At the start of this year, SpaceX had some ambitious goals with the new
version of the ship. Perhaps the most important goals were to recover
and reuse Starships then to refuel another rocket in orbit. The second one
has been talked practically as long as any exploration of space has been
seriously studied. These (and more) are important to SpaceX for their
stated goal to start settling Mars (with or without NASA).
Meanwhile, NASA is eager for SpaceX to reel off these tests as quickly as
possible because the agency has selected
Starship as the human-rated lunar lander
for the Artemis Moon program. Once operational, Starship will also be key to
building out SpaceX's next-generation Starlink broadband network.
At the announcement that the FAA had cleared Test Flight 10, the FAA
spokesperson said:
"The FAA oversaw and accepted the findings of the SpaceX-led investigation,"
the federal regulator said in a statement. "The final mishap report cites
the probable root cause for the loss of the Starship vehicle as a failure of
a fuel component. SpaceX identified corrective actions to prevent a
reoccurrence of the event."
That "probable root cause" was seen and reported by telemetry almost as soon
as Starship had cleared the tower. No, that's just an exaggeration. It
was more likely to have been around the time the booster was dropped.
SpaceX identified the most probable cause for the May failure as a faulty
main fuel tank pressurization system diffuser located on the forward dome of
Starship's primary methane tank. The diffuser failed a few minutes
after launch, when sensors detected a pressure drop in the main methane tank
and a pressure increase in the ship's nose cone just above the
tank.
The rocket compensated for the drop in main tank pressure and completed its
engine burn, but venting from the nose cone and a worsening fuel leak
overwhelmed Starship's attitude control system. Finally, detecting a major
problem, Starship triggered automatic onboard commands to vent all remaining
propellant into space and "passivate" itself before an unguided reentry over
the Indian Ocean, prematurely ending the test flight.
Among the many goals of the next test flight is that modifications to the various
heat shield elements on Starship are to be tested. Several different,
new, ceramic and metallic tile designs have been placed in various places
around the ship. Starship successfully made it through reentry for a
controlled splashdown in the Pacific several times in 2024, but sensors detected
hot spots on the rocket's stainless steel skin after some of the tiles fell
off during launch and descent.
Making the Starship upper stage reusable like the Super Heavy booster will
require better performance from the heat shield. The demands of flying the
ship home from orbit and attempting a catch at the launch pad far outweigh
the challenge of recovering a booster. Coming back from space, the ship
encounters much higher temperatures than the booster sees at lower
velocities.
While the ship is the star of the show, there are also experiments and trials
planned for the SuperHeavy booster.
Engineers also plan to put the Super Heavy booster through the wringer on
the next launch. Instead of coming back to Starbase for a catch at the
launch pad—something SpaceX has now done three times—the massive booster
stage will target a controlled splashdown in the Gulf of Mexico east of the
Texas coast. This will give SpaceX room to try new things with the booster,
such as controlling the rocket's final descent with a different mix of
engines to see if it could overcome a problem with one of its three primary
landing engines.
SpaceX completed a six-engine static fire of the next Starship upper stage on
August 1. Credit: SpaceX
As many times as SpaceX has said it, it's almost a cliche' we automatically
quote. The purpose of the test is the data they acquire.
"Every lesson learned, through both flight and ground testing, continues to
feed directly into designs for the next generation of Starship and Super
Heavy," SpaceX said. "Two flights remain with the current generation, each
with test objectives designed to expand the envelope on vehicle capabilities
as we iterate towards fully and rapidly reusable, reliable rockets."